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| 1956 |
| | | Civil war breaks out in Sudan between the Muslim north and the Christian south | |
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| 1956 |
| | | The MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) is formed as a guerrilla movement to end Portuguese rule | |
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| 1957 |
| | | The FNLA is established, with US support, as a guerrilla group to fight for a non-communist independent Angola | |
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| 1958 |
| | | Hendrik Verwoerd become prime minister of South Africa on the death of J.G. Strijdom | |
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| 1959 |
| | | The Transkei becomes the first African homeland, or Bantustan, within South Africa | |
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| 1960 |
| | | UK prime minister Harold Macmillan, in Cape Town, warns the white settlers of Africa that 'the wind of change' is blowing through their continent | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Kenneth Kaunda is elected president of UNIP, a new party fighting for an independent Northern Rhodesia | |
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| 1960 |
| | | South African police fire on a crowd in Sharpeville, near Johannesburg, killing more than sixty people | |
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| 1960 |
| | | Madagascar becomes independent (under the name Malagasy republic from till 1975), with Philibert Tsiranana as president | |
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| 1960 |
| | | The South West Africa People's Organization is founded to fight against South African control of Namibia | |
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